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A Hosted Phone System and Service grows with your business with its inherent flexibility and affordability.  Cloud telephony has changed the model for telecom investment to the benefit of business start-ups and growth companies.  Traditional approaches to phone system investment made it necessary for companies to accurately predict their system needs in the face of over investment in systems when capital can be best used elsewhere or under building their system and dealing with replacement as growth occurs.  Hosted phone service has essentially made this approach a relic!

Because the physical phone system is no longer a requirement on-site and is managed by the hosted phone service provider, companies only purchase the desk phones or soft phones required for their business as it stands at that current time.  As employees requiring a phone are hired, additional handsets are purchased and deployed at that time.  The monthly service cost are typically built on a per user basis, as there are no more phone lines required or restrictions in terms of incoming or outgoing calls.  Therefore, companies are only investing in the capital and service as they need it.

The hosted service is basically a software program that can be re-configured as your company’s needs change.  Good hosted providers consult with you and build the configuration of the system to match your needs.  As you grow, your desire to change call flow, create departmental ring groups or queues, and institute other programmatic changes can be administered by your hosted provider.  Finding a provider that can serve as your phone department also helps keep your costs of maintaining and growing a system to a minimum.

Company growth also puts pressure on infrastructure costs from a facility perspective, whether you’ve outgrown your current location or need to explore additional branches.  A hosted phone system can help in many ways:

• Deferring Facility Relocation – Moving a business is extremely expensive.  A hosted phone service can help defer the timing of facility expansion through the facilitation of a work at home model or a temporary office set up.  Because the phone system is not dedicated to a physical site, you can deploy employees at their homes or temporary office merely by purchasing the handsets and programming the call flow accordingly. 
• Facilitating Branch Models – Whether the branch is located in the same town as your headquarters or in other towns across the country, a hosted phone system can make this economical in several ways.  First, phone numbers for the particular locality can be provided, but calls between locations can be extension dials.  Administrative personnel do not have to be duplicated branch by branch.  Callers to the branch looking for billing or customer service support, as examples, can be directed to where those personnel are located and retain the perception that they are being served locally.  Finally, many hosted providers offer a reduced price per user as you grow.
• Supporting Targeted Employee Recruitment – If your headquarters is located where certain employee skill sets are difficult to find or expensive to secure, you can establish an office in a town where such skills are plentiful and affordable.  Your hosted service can direct calls for such employee groups to that location and callers will be unaware that they are being supported outside of the area.

The economy is improving and there are many jobs being added every month.  If your business is so fortunate to be addressing the “pains” of growth, help ease the pain by investigating a hosted phone service today!  The investment will have benefits for years to come and free you to grow without the restriction of traditional phone systems.

About the author:  Mark Greim is the Vice President of Sales and Marketing at sipVine, a provider of a variety of digital phone solutions and services. Mark has extensive experience working for start-up or entrepreneurial organizations and has a passion for affordable, reliable, and purposeful technology solutions in those environments. 

Deploying mobility options is a great way to fully utilize your Hosted VoIP phone system for your business and drive customer satisfaction and office efficiency.  Hosted VoIP services provides a new outlook for your phone system, as you no longer are confined to the walls of the office for your communication practices.  Such options include the utilization of soft phones for your cell phones, tablets, and laptops, engagement of cell phones in the call flow, and the establishment of remote office options for personnel.

Soft Phones – Working in conjunction with or independently from your VoIP desk phone, soft phones can provide several advantages.  They are set up as your extension in your business on your laptop, tablet, or smart cell phone.  When you turn on these phones, you can dial out and deliver the caller ID for your business instead of that of your cell phone.  You can basically take and make calls anywhere you have an internet connection.  This mobility option provides a measured improvement in customer contact and satisfaction for associates who are on the road or out of the office frequently.  When using these devices, it is recommended that you are on a WiFi network and not relying on 4G or 3G cell service. 

Engagement of Cell Phones in the Call Flow – Again, for employees who are highly mobile or out of the office, calls to their direct dial number or internal extension can be programmed to simultaneously ring or forward to their cell phones.  This increases the ability for key customer contact associates to receive that important phone call while they are away from the office.   If they are busy and do not answer their cell phone, the call is routed back to their office voicemail.  Of course, voicemails can be delivered to email so they can receive and listen to the voicemails and respond quickly.  One important note is that if the associate hits “ignore” on their cell phone, or if the phone is turned off or out of service area, the calls will be picked up by the cell phone voicemail.

Remote Personnel – Because the actual phone system is hosted by your VoIP provider, all of the desk phones are connected back to the host via the internet connection regardless of where they are located.  Therefore, companies are able to deploy a work from home option for their associates, or establish offices where a specific skill set of employees are better recruited and deployed.  Associates can have phones at the office and a duplicate phone at a home or vacation home and still take calls as if they were at the home office.  This opens up plenty of efficiencies and applications for businesses.

The key with all of these options is that they can be used to make the office more efficient, employees more engaged and available, and customers more satisfied.  We’d love to talk over your specific application and help provide a solution for you!

About the author:  Mark Greim is the Vice President of Sales and Marketing at sipVine, a provider of a variety of digital phone solutions and services. Mark has extensive experience working for start-up or entrepreneurial organizations and has a passion for affordable, reliable, and purposeful technology solutions in those environments. 

By now, most businesses are fully aware that a Hosted VoIP alternative can deliver direct monthly savings and an improvement in technology.  However, there are plenty of opportunities to draw out indirect savings from your decision to deploy hosted VoIP.  Certainly, every business will have their own unique circumstances, but the ideas below may generate some thoughts as to how you can create savings or efficiencies.  The key point is that there is tremendous flexibility in how you can deploy the VoIP programming, thus it can be molded to the uniqueness of each business.

Remote Employees – One of the great things with a hosted VoIP system is that you can include remote or work from home employees on your phone system.  Internally and externally, it would be as if they are all under the same roof!  This opens the door for savings of additional phone plans (cell phone minutes or land line) for those employees.  You can also use such a system to facilitate the set up of a department in a location where it may be advantageous for recruiting efforts.  An example would be to deploy customer service personnel in a town where recruiting may be easier and wages lower.  These employees could have direct dial numbers that tie to the headquarters’ location and also be included in the ring group for customer service!

Local Number for Remote Locations – If you have some customers that are aggregated in a particular metropolitan area, you can set up a local number in that MSA.  This would lessen the volume on your toll free number and save money to that end.  Getting a telebranch number set up with a traditional telecom would be similar in costs to a toll free process.  The approach taken by hosted VoIP companies differ, but the potential for this to come in quite a bit less than a toll free rate exists.

Centralization of Functions – One of the biggest paybacks for hosted VoIP systems comes when you can make staffing adjustments because of the technology.  With remote locations, it is easy to envision opportunities for such savings, as you can centralize various functions to the extent that they support your activity over the phone.  For example, if customer service is handled with phone support, not every branch would need to have a dedicated rep, as the function can be centralized.  Calls to the branch for customer service can be directed to the central group.  If you do not have multiple offices, you can look to an automated attendant to route calls to the particular employee or department and eliminate the need for a central reception function.

Phone Administration and Maintenance – A great benefit to hosted VoIP systems is that you no longer have to maintain an on-site PBX.  Additionally, many hosted VoIP providers act as your administrator to your phone system programming.  Therefore, dollars spent toward maintenance, service calls, or on-site administrators can be redirected!  The only exposure for you would be out of warranty handset replacement, but typically the costs of these handsets are much lower than the on-site PBX counterparts.

Accessibility of High Customer Contact Employees – Utilizing find me/follow me features and/or creating a simultaneous ring to cell phone will ensure that your high customer touch employees (sales and service personnel as an example) will always be reachable by your employees.  Where this may not produce savings, it certainly improves efficiency and customer service metrics, which also carry indirect benefit to your bottom line.

There are many more examples.  Again, the key is to envision the capabilities of hosted VoIP features into your business and project out a potential design that will lead to possible indirect benefits.  Couple these with the potential direct savings you receive, and the return on investment becomes obvious.  No wonder many businesses are gravitating to these type of systems!

About the author:  Mark Greim is the Vice President of Sales and Marketing at sipVine, a provider of a variety of digital phone solutions and services. Mark has extensive experience working for start-up or entrepreneurial organizations and has a passion for affordable, reliable, and purposeful technology solutions in those environments. 

VoIP implementations in the small to medium business markets are becoming the norm, as more trends are pointing to IP systems becoming the technology of choice.  Why are businesses investing in this technology?  Why is the hosted or cloud based model a good option for this market?  These are just a couple of questions answered in this post.

Replacing Old Phones / Old Technology – Analog lines and phone systems are simply becoming relics.  If you are a business with an analog phone system greater than ten years old, you already know how difficult it is to get new or replacement handsets for your system.  You also know how much in service and maintenance fees you are paying to keep that system alive.  Finally, if your business has evolved at all, you know that your phone system may be holding you back on certain functions or capabilities necessary to meet the customer expectations of this generation’s marketplace.  Simply stated, many companies are evolving to the new technology because their business has evolved with the times.

Low Investment / Stable Monthly Service Rates – Businesses making the change from their old system are faced with an investment decision.  Few businesses enjoy investing in infrastructure.  Similar to cloud-based software, hosting, or other applications, similar advantages are found with hosted VoIP, or hosted telephony applications.  The investment is low when compared to site-based systems, as the only investment is in the handsets and some minor premise equipment.  In return, hosted VoIP providers typically charge for monthly phone service by the user count or handset.  Many bundle local and long distance charges into this rate along with any administrative updates they handle on your behalf.  Thus, by going with a hosted model, businesses upgrade their technology for a low entry rate and a stable monthly service fee.

Administration / Diminished Obsolescence Concerns – Administering a VoIP system is much different than your analog systems, as most hosted providers handle changes with a simple keystroke!  There’s no more paying service personnel to moving phones around so people can their extensions as they move offices.  For the most part, businesses are out of the phone administration game once they make the shift to VoIP.  Additionally, they do not have to worry about their PBX becoming obsolete.  The responsibility to keep up with technology enhancements is up to the hosted phone service provider.  The handsets are relatively inexpensive, thus, over time, can be easily upgraded to newer models if required by wear and tear. 

Continued Improvement of the Internet Landscape – A decade ago, the availability of stable and robust internet circuits was a valid deterrent to VoIP deployments.  Today, more alternative providers are in the market providing internet service with significant bandwidth.  These connections have proven to be more and more stable as the networks mature.   Google’s recent entry into this market by offering fiber gigabyte connections to businesses and residences in Kansas City, MO and KS, and the just announced market of Austin, TX will only push the marketplace further and further. 

New Technology / Flexibility – It’s not all about just replacing the old technology; it’s what you are able to do with the new technology that really has businesses flocking to hosted VoIP service.  Small and medium sized businesses are able to take advantage of system features that previously may have been only available in very expensive on-site systems. I recently posted a series of articles focusing on the many features and capabilities of hosted VoIP systems that will provide you with additional detail to this point.

Join the party and investigate a hosted voip system and service for your business today!

About the author:  Mark Greim is the Vice President of Sales and Marketing at sipVine, a provider of a variety of digital phone solutions and services. Mark has extensive experience working for start-up or entrepreneurial organizations and has a passion for affordable, reliable, and purposeful technology solutions in those environments. 

When deploying a VoIP system, you have a choice whether to deliver power to your phones via a Power over Ethernet (POE) switch.  VoIP phones require electrical power and differ from your analog phones, which receive their power from the copper phone lines.  POE switches can deliver the necessary power to the phones, thus eliminating the need for the AC power cords at the work stations.  However, POE switches run around 70% more than traditional managed switches.

So, is such an expenditure a luxury when you are deploying VoIP?  Obviously, every individual company deploying VoIP has their own perspective on this.  There are a few considerations for going with the POE option:

• Elimination of the power cords at the desk removes cord clutter.  You may also be challenged with available electrical outlets and would need to buy power strips.  Finally, the location of the electrical outlet and Ethernet outlet may force the placement of the phone at a spot that is different for the employee.  As some employees may be resistant to the change in the first place, why create another reason for them to complain?
• Power outages are not that common, but the phones will not work if the power goes out.  Analog phones typically survive power outages with their power delivered over a separate source.  Because the POE switches are located in a central place and deliver power throughout the building to the phones, you can power the POE switches to the universal power supply that you likely have your network gear connected to already.  Thus, if there’s a brief power outage, your phones will remain operational via the UPS battery backup.
• For conference room or wall mounted phones, not having a power cord to the phone is more of a necessity than a luxury.  You could select a single port POE switch for each of these phones, but a couple of them would drastically cut into the premium you are paying for the central POE switch for all phones.
• Finally, your hosted VoIP provider or IT support will love you, as it makes the installation of the phones MUCH easier!

If you have any other questions surrounding the deployment of such switches on your network or if you need to discuss any other impacts of your decision to go with VoIP, contact your hosted VoIP provider, as they should be well versed in such topics.

About the author:  Mark Greim is the Vice President of Sales and Marketing at sipVine, a provider of a variety of digital phone solutions and services. Mark has extensive experience working for start-up or entrepreneurial organizations and has a passion for affordable, reliable, and purposeful technology solutions in those environments. 

sipVine, a national business VoIP service provider, has published a new ebook that provides many insights on how to fully take advantage of your hosted VoIP phone service.  If you are currently utilizing the service or are investigating hosted VoIP for your business, this ebook will provide you with many ideas on how to leverage the new technology to enhance your communications with your customers and employees.

In the eBook, 19 Ways to Get the Most Out of Your Hosted VoIP Phone Service, we cover the following topics:

• Delight Your Customers with an Effective Call Flow and Auto Attendant
• Streamline Your High-Customer-Touch Associates
• Generate Efficiencies in Your Business
• Accessorize Your System
• Select the Right Provider

Switching to a VoIP phone solution can provide your business with a host of features and advantages.  We are reviewing five of the ways your customer communications can be enhanced by with a Hosted VoIP Solution.  Granted, all businesses are built differently, which can present more or less opportunities than the ones identified below.  A key takeaway is that, upon selecting the right hosted VoIP provider, you can explore many improvements in communication processes for the betterment of your customer experience.  The technology is powerful, affordable, and within reach!

Efficiently handle inbound calls – Many businesses handle this differently.  Some preach the benefits of having a “live” person answering calls, while others prefer to have an automated attendant route calls.  The question should focus on what the customer’s demand.  The good news is that hosted VoIP solutions can provide the ability to blend the methodology to effectively manage the calls.  Say the goal is to have calls answered live.  You can build in a ring group process to ring a primary and secondary ring group prior to resorting to an auto attendant process. 

If customers will work with automated routing, an auto attendant can be at the front of the process.  Your auto attendant should be built around why customers call, making sure you have easy to understand options that address the majority of issues.  Examples would be departmental routing such as “customer service” or “to place an order”.  To maximize satisfaction with an auto attendant process, you should keep options to a minimum and avoid multi layer processes.

Improve satisfaction with departmental ring groups – As mentioned above, creating ring groups surrounding employees in a department allows for the quick handling of calls.  Note that ring groups differ from call queues in that the phone call rings a group of people for a select number of rings before a ring group voicemail takes over.  A call queue involves the team logging into a queue and callers being dropped into that queue for the first available caller.  Companies can deploy either or both strategies depending upon the customer requirements.

Customers can be routed to the ring group or queue from an automated attendant or from any associate answering a call.  The queue or ring group simply needs to be assigned an extension for calls to be manually dropped in.

Every queue or ring group process needs to have an efficient “end” stage.  This can be a simple voicemail option with the voicemail converting to an email to route to whoever will be responsible for handling the requests for the department.  It also may include an “opt” out feature, discussed below.

Allow callers to escape from voicemail – Whether your callers hit your personal voicemail, are in a call queue, or hit a voicemail for one of your departments (ring groups), it is always a best practice to provide a zero out option.  Such options can be custom programmed, but most have the option to ring back to the primary ring group or a designated person.  Depending upon the nature of your business and the needs of your callers, some may be fine with leaving messages and getting a prompt return call.  However, others may require getting to a live person.  Hosted VoIP services can even provide for emergency routing to a designated answering service or a cell phone ring group consisting of your company’s designated on-call employees.

Increase accessibility for associates with high customer touch requirements – Another great benefit of hosted VoIP solutions is to be able to provide for accessibility of your key contact personnel with your customers.  Using features such as find me / follow me or other forward options gives your employees to be found wherever they may be.  If they are on a ring group, the phone will forward to the number designated.  Another option would be to have a simultaneous ring to the associate’s desk phone and cell phone.  For sales and support personnel, this provides a great way to be available for customer calls.

Because the service is hosted, associates can take their phones home or wherever they can connect to high speed internet.  Their phones will register and operate as if they were in the office, including any ring group involvement.  This will provide great flexibility for associates who need to work remotely.

There are a few cautions with this option.  You will need to make sure that ring groups ring less than 20 seconds or folks with simultaneous rings or follow me options set for cell phones will not have their cell phone voicemail pick up.  Additionally, if cell phone users hit ignore or are out of service, the cell phone voicemail will pick up instead of the office voicemail.

Implementing on-call schedules for support personnel – For businesses that have selected a hosted VoIP service provider who can customize programming, there are some higher level actions that will allow for the selection of employees who are active on call.  Such applications come into play when an after hours auto attendant or during hours emergency attendant can ring to designated on-call associates.  You can create a menu of who will be on call and include desk phone extensions and cell phones in the mix.  Management can select which group is on-call with pre-programmed dial selection or web interfaces where available.

I hope this list has been informative and look forward to any comments.

About the author:  Mark Greim is the Vice President of Sales and Marketing at sipVine, a provider of a variety of digital phone solutions and services. Mark has extensive experience working for start-up or entrepreneurial organizations and has a passion for affordable, reliable, and purposeful technology solutions in those environments. 

Deploying VoIP services within a franchise environment can deliver a host of benefits.  To the franchisor, this provides an opportunity to deliver value to the franchises in the form of a group purchase and some communication enhancements.  Of course, the franchise owners benefit from pricing levels they wouldn’t see as an individual purchaser of the service.  sipVine, a national provider of hosted VoIP services, has developed a program specific to franchise operations with special pricing and other benefits included.

Details of sipVine’s program are as follows:

• Special Pricing – Currently, sipVine discounts our unlimited local and long distance user fee based upon the number of users a company deploys.  We have created a similar schedule to apply discounting for businesses in a common franchise arm.  sipVine expects an active involvement of franchisors or individual franchisee customers to spread the word so the benefit can be driven to many participants and drive the cost down for all!  Current franchises participating are seeing a benefit of a 30 to 47 percent off normal sipVine pricing!
• Centralized Features – sipVine can work with franchise operations to provide participating franchises the benefit of some centralized features.  An example would be simplified procedures for emergency routing of calls or redirection of callers to a central customer servicing arm, such as a claims department for an insurance agency franchise.  Another example would be some extension dialing capability to key contacts with franchise operations.  sipVine can customize the approach to work for the specific franchise operation.
• National Account Management – Franchise operations are provided with a national account manager and an implementation coordinator that will ensure the smooth roll out of locations.  A customized web portal with unique resources for the franchise operation is provided, including a direct link to our service ticket system which routes your service to a team supporting franchise operations.

Every franchise operation has unique attributes and communication processes.  sipVine excels at the customization of its hosted service to match such needs, whether it be for a franchise operation, a company with multiple branch locations, or a stand-alone business.

If you are in franchise operations or are a franchise owner, contact sipVine today at 855.SIPVINE to explore what we can do for you!

About the author:  Mark Greim is the Vice President of Sales and Marketing at sipVine, a provider of a variety of digital phone solutions and services. Mark has extensive experience working for start-up or entrepreneurial organizations and has a passion for affordable, reliable, and purposeful technology solutions in those environments. 

Many businesses ask themselves why they should switch from their current phone system to a VoIP phone service.  With the “old phones” working fine, does it make sense to switch?  Although conditions differ business to business, it’s time to dust off the top five reasons to switch to hosted VoIP phone service!

1. Increased Productivity Through Technology Improvements.  There once was a time when businesses asked why they should upgrade to Word Processing equipment from typewriters!  We may argue that the simpler times were better, however there’s no doubting just how much more productive our companies are made with new technology.  VoIP is one such example. There are countless features that are an improvement above old analog systems, and these features will help your company be more productive.
2. Improved Communication Internally and Externally – Hosted VoIP service can be programmed to increase the ability to access or communicate with your employees.  Whether it is to improve communication and accessibility internally, or improve the communication flow with your customer base, hosted phone service can enable both.  Incoming calls can be handled by an auto attendant or backed up by an attendant after attempts are made to an initial ring group.  Ring groups, queues, directories, and direct dial numbers are all components of a mix of programming that can improve communications.  Find me/follow me features can also be deployed, so your associates can be reached whenever they are needed by your customers!
3. Low Investment – You are receiving enterprise level features and productivity improvements for just the upfront cost of the VoIP phones and a few other pieces of minor equipment!  The PBX is hosted by your provider and you no longer have to worry about its purchase, maintenance, upgrades, or state of repair.  Those facts alone drive many out of the analog business and to the cloud for VoIP.  For many of the same reasons companies are moving to cloud based applications, cloud telephony can drive significant benefits.   Many companies find that their current phones need upgrade, and the parts are not available.  If that is the case, it is definitely time to switch!
4. Cost Savings – Productivity improvements many times will dwarf the hard savings in your actual telecom costs, but it always helps to save money on your phone bill!  As competition has increased in the business telecommunications marketplace, traditional providers have also been addressing their rates.  However, with hosted VoIP companies, they may still be able to generate cost savings through their unlimited local and long distance calling plans and other elements that will lower your monthly telecommunication costs.
5. No Administration Costs or Headaches – Imagine being out of the phone equipment business!  No longer will you need to pay for service calls to move phones around, worry about the longevity of your current technology, or maintain your phones in any way.  Good hosted providers take care of all of that for you. 

Perhaps the best argument for switching is to make sure your company takes advantages of all of the improvements before your competition does!  Businesses are switching every day, and it is accelerating, so jump on board and make the switch!

About the author:  Mark Greim is the Vice President of Sales and Marketing at sipVine, a provider of a variety of digital phone solutions and services. Mark has extensive experience working for start-up or entrepreneurial organizations and a passion for affordable, reliable, and purposeful technology solutions in those environments. 

What if your phone service provider delivered customer service as if they were located next door to your office?  Fantasy?  Perhaps, but your business deserves it!  You should consider moving to a hosted phone service where your business phone equipment and phone service are provided by the same company.  The formula will be in place to make awesome customer service delivery possible, and it will then be a responsibility of that provider to make it happen.

At sipVine, we have built this concept into our core beliefs and practices, as we understand what it will mean to a customer to feel that they are receiving remarkable customer service from a telecommunications provider.  The marketplace has been under serviced, subject to a series of a voice recognition entry points just to have your call delivered to a service representative who doesn’t have a clue of who you are and how your business uses communication services.

There are a few ways in which we make this possible:

No Contracts – sipVine’s philosophy is that no customer should be bound to a term contract with us to achieve discounts or other advantages.  We have a simple rate schedule that drives savings to our customers.  Moreover, we sincerely believe that we need to earn our business each and every day, and have built such a belief system into our culture and practices. 

Customization – Customers expect that their investment in new technology will provide them with features and benefits that their current system doesn’t offer.  However, we take that one step further in that our technology is very flexible and can be customized to meet their needs or enhance their communication practices.  We hold extensive configuration meetings with the customer prior to installation so that we can fully understand their communication patterns and consult on the best design for their system deployment.  We then handle all of the programming to make this happen.  Not only does this help guarantee satisfaction, it gives us the opportunity to get to know our customers in a very detailed way. 

The Phone Company Next Door – Because we get to know our customers in great detail and that knowledge is specifically passed to all service personnel, we are able to deliver a feeling to our customers that we are their personal phone department.  We handle all of their phone administration for them, and thus are in position for routine contact with a variety of people within the organization.  Whether we are servicing a company based in Kansas City where we are located, or one of our customers in other cities across the country, we routinely delight them through this approach of providing service as if we were the phone company next door.

As I mentioned, the capability of delivering such service is quite possible for any hosted VoIP provider.  As you research potential providers, ask a series of questions that will uncover their approach to service and reveal if they are leveraging the unique opportunity to deliver superb service.  Here are just a few:

1. Are you able to customize the call flow and other features to meet my unique business needs?  Do you do this programming or is it incumbent upon me to do the set up via a web portal?
2. When I call for service or administration, where does this call go?  Will I be talking with someone who knows my business and the unique configuration we may have?  Are your technicians contract or overseas?
3. Are the officers of the company engaged in service delivery in any capacity?

This should help provide an idea as to how they approach customer service.  Happy hunting and remember, your business deserves it!

About the author:  Mark Greim is the Vice President of Sales and Marketing at sipVine, a provider of a variety of digital phone solutions and services. Mark has extensive experience working for start-up or entrepreneurial organizations and a passion for affordable, reliable, and purposeful technology solutions in those environments.